Thursday, 16 January 2014

JDK Versin Story and Updates


JDK Alpha and Beta (1995)

Alpha and Beta Java public releases had highly unstable  and . The supplied Java web browser was named WebRunner.

JDK 1.0 (January 23, 1996)[edit]

Codename Oak. Initial release[3][4] The first stable version was the JDK 1.0.2. is called Java 1.[4]
Note : In versions of Java and the JDK up to 1.0.1, you could use private and protected together to create yet another form of protection that would restrict access to methods or variables solely to subclasses of a given class. As of 1.0.2, this capability has been removed from the language.

JDK 1.1 (February 19, 1997)[edit]

Major additions included:[5]
  • an extensive retooling of the AWT event model
  • inner classes added to the language
  • JavaBeans
  • JDBC
  • RMI
  • reflection which supported Introspection only, no modification at runtime was possible.
  • JIT(Just In Time) compiler on Microsoft Windows platforms, produced for JavaSoft by Symantec

J2SE 1.2 (December 8, 1998)[edit]

Codename Playground. This and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded retrospectively Java 2 and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). This was a very significant release of Java as it tripled the size of the Java platform to 1520 classes in 59 packages. Major additions included:[6]

J2SE 1.3 (May 8, 2000)[edit]

Codename Kestrel. The most notable changes were:[7][8]

J2SE 1.4 (February 6, 2002)[edit]

Codename Merlin. This was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Major changes included:[9][10]
Language changes
Library improvements
  • regular expressions modeled after Perl regular expressions
  • exception chaining allows an exception to encapsulate original lower-level exception
  • Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support
  • non-blocking IO (named NIO) (New Input/Output) (Specified in JSR 51.)
  • logging API (Specified in JSR 47.)
  • image I/O API for reading and writing images in formats like JPEG and PNG
  • integrated XML parser and XSLT processor (JAXP) (Specified in JSR 5 and JSR 63.)
  • integrated security and cryptography extensions (JCE, JSSE, JAAS)
  • Java Web Start included (Java Web Start was first released in March 2001 for J2SE 1.3) (Specified in JSR 56.)
  • Preferences API (java.util.prefs)
Support and security updates for Java 1.4 ended in October 2008.[11]

J2SE 5.0 (September 30, 2004)[edit]

Codename Tiger. Originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number.[12] This version was developed under JSR 176.
J2SE 5.0 entered its end-of-public-updates period on April 8, 2008 updates are no longer available to the public as of November 3, 2009. Updates will be available to Oracle Customers until May 2014.[13]
Tiger added a number of significant new language features:[14][15]
  • Generics: Provides compile-time (static) type safety for collections and eliminates the need for most typecasts (type conversion). (Specified by JSR 14.)
  • Metadata: Also called annotations; allows language constructs such as classes and methods to be tagged with additional data, which can then be processed by metadata-aware utilities. (Specified by JSR 175.)
  • Autoboxing/unboxing: Automatic conversions between primitive types (such as int) and primitive wrapper classes (such as Integer). (Specified by JSR 201.)
  • Enumerations: The enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.MONDAY, Day.TUESDAY, etc.). Previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern). (Specified by JSR 201.)
  • Varargs: The last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext(String... lines)). In the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method, or alternatively the calling code can pass an array of that type.
  • Enhanced for each loop: The for loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or any Iterable, such as the standard Collectionclasses. (Specified by JSR 201.)
  • Fix the previously broken semantics of the Java Memory Model, which defines how threads interact through memory.
  • Static imports
There were also the following improvements to the standard libraries:
Java 5 is the last release of Java to officially support the Microsoft Windows 9x line (Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME),[17] while Windows Vista is the newest version of Windows that J2SE 5 was supported on prior to Java 5 going end of life in October 2009.[11]
Java 5 is the default version of Java installed on Apple Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard). Java 6 can be installed and set as the default to be used on 64-bit (Core 2 Duo and higher) processor machines.[18] Java 6 is also supported by 32-bit machines running Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard).

Java SE 6 (December 11, 2006)[edit]

Codename Mustang. As of this version, Sun replaced the name "J2SE" with Java SE and dropped the ".0" from the version number.[19] Internal numbering for developers remains 1.6.0.[20] This version was developed under JSR 270.
During the development phase, new builds including enhancements and bug fixes were released approximately weekly. Beta versions were released in February and June 2006, leading up to a final release that occurred on December 11, 2006.
Major changes included in this version:[21][22]
  • Support for older Win9x versions dropped; unofficially, Java 6 Update 7 was the last release of Java shown to work on these versions of Windows.[citation needed] This is believed[by whom?] to be due to the major changes in Update 10.
  • Scripting Language Support (JSR 223): Generic API for tight integration with scripting languages, and built-in Mozilla JavaScript Rhino integration
  • Dramatic performance improvements for the core platform,[23][24] and Swing.
  • Improved Web Service support through JAX-WS (JSR 224)
  • JDBC 4.0 support (JSR 221).
  • Java Compiler API (JSR 199): an API allowing a Java program to select and invoke a Java Compiler programmatically.
  • Upgrade of JAXB to version 2.0: Including integration of a StAX parser.
  • Support for pluggable annotations (JSR 269)[25]
  • Many GUI improvements, such as integration of SwingWorker in the API, table sorting and filtering, and true Swing double-buffering (eliminating the gray-area effect).
  • JVM improvements include: synchronization and compiler performance optimizations, new algorithms and upgrades to existing garbage collection algorithms, and application start-up performance.[26]
Java 6 reached the end of its supported life in February 2013, at which time all updates, including security updates, were scheduled to be stopped.[27][28] Oracle released one more update to Java 6 in March 2013, which patched some security vulnerabilities.[29]

Java 6 updates[edit]

After Java 6 release, Sun, and later Oracle, released several updates which, while not changing any public API, enhanced end-user usability or fixed bugs.[30]
ReleaseRelease DateHighlights
Java SE 6 Update 12007-05-07
Java SE 6 Update 22007-07-03
Java SE 6 Update 32007-10-03
Java SE 6 Update 42008-01-14HotSpot VM 10
Java SE 6 Update 52008-03-05
Java SE 6 Update 62008-04-16
Java SE 6 Update 7[31]Unofficially, Java SE 6 Update 7 (1.6.0.7) is the last version of Java that was shown to be working on the Win9x family of operating systems[citation needed]
Java SE 6 Update 10[32]2008-10-15HotSpot VM 11. Major changes for this update include:
  • Java Deployment Toolkit, a set of JavaScript functions to ease the deployment of applets and Java Web Start applications.[33]
  • Java Kernel, a small installer including only the most commonly used JRE classes. Other packages are downloaded when needed.
  • Enhanced updater.
  • Enhanced versioning and pack200 support: server-side support is no longer required.[34]
  • Java Quick Starter, to improve cold start-up time.
  • Improved performance of Java2D graphics primitives on Windows, using Direct3D and hardware acceleration.
  • A new Swing look and feel called Nimbus and based on synth.[35]
  • Next-Generation Java Plug-In: applets now run in a separate process and support many features of Web Start applications.[36]
Java SE 6 Update 11[37]2008-12-0313 security fixes[38]
Java SE 6 Update 12[39]2008-12-12No security fixes; 64-bit Java plug-in (for 64-bit web browsers only); Windows Server 2008 support; performance improvements of graphics andJavaFX applications
Java SE 6 Update 13[40]2009-03-247 security fixes, JNDI store and retrieve Java objects in LDAP slightly modified, JMX Change (createMBeanunregisterMBean), 4 new root certs added
Java SE 6 Update 14[41]2009-05-28HotSpot VM 14. This release includes extensive performance updates to the JIT compiler, compressed pointers for 64-bit machines, as well as support for the G1 (Garbage First) low pause garbage collector.[42][43]
The -XX:+DoEscapeAnalysis option directs the HotSpot JIT compiler to use escape analysis to determine if local objects can be allocated on the stack instead of the heap.[44]
Some developers have noticed an issue introduced in this release which causes debuggers to miss breakpoints seemingly randomly.[45] Sun has a corresponding bug, which is tracking the issue. The workaround applies to the Client and Server VMs.[46] Using the -XX:+UseParallelGCoption will prevent the failure. Another workaround is to roll back to update 13, or to upgrade to update 16.
Java SE 6 Update 152009-08-04Introduced patch-in-place functionality[47]
Java SE 6 Update 162009-08-11Fixed the issue introduced in update 14 which caused debuggers to miss breakpoints[48]
Java SE 6 Update 17[49]2009-11-04Security fixes; 2 new root certificates
Java SE 6 Update 18[50]2010-01-13No security fixes; Hotspot VM 16; support for Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Desktop Edition, SLES 11, Windows 7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3, Firefox 3.6, VisualVM 1.2; updated Java DB; many performance improvements
Java SE 6 Update 19[51]2010-03-30Security fixes; root certificate changes: seven new, three removed, five replaced with stronger signature algorithms; interim fix for TLS renegotiation attack
Java SE 6 Update 20[52]2010-04-15Two security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 21[53]2010-07-07No security fixes; Hotspot VM 17; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 and 5.5, Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.8, 5.4, 5.5; Google Chrome 4 support; support for Customized Loading Progress Indicators; VisualVM 1.2.2
Java SE 6 Update 22[54]2010-10-1229 security fixes; RFC 5746 support
Java SE 6 Update 23[55]2010-12-08No security fixes; Hotspot VM 19; better support for right-to-left languages
Java SE 6 Update 24[56]2011-02-1521 security fixes; updated Java DB
Java SE 6 Update 252011-03-21No security fixes; Hotspot VM 20; support for Internet Explorer 9, Firefox 4 and Chrome 10; improved BigDecimal; includes "tiered" compilation in the Server VM that enables it to start quickly as does the Client VM, while achieving better peak performance (this feature is enabled by specifying -server and -XX:+TieredCompilation command options)[57]
Java SE 6 Update 26[58]2011-06-0717 new security fixes.[59] Last version compatible with Windows Vista SP1.
Java SE 6 Update 27[60]2011-08-16No security fixes; certification for Firefox 5
Java SE 6 Update 29[61]2011-10-1820 security fixes, various bug fixes[62]
Java SE 6 Update 30[63]2011-12-12No security fixes; fix for SSL regression in Update 29; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Java SE 6 Update 31[64]2012-02-1414 security fixes and one bug fix
Java SE 6 Update 32[65]2012-04-26No security fixes, various bug fixes
Java SE 6 Update 33[66]2012-06-1214 security fixes, improved VM configuration file loading
Java SE 6 Update 34[67]2012-08-14No security fixes, various bug fixes
Java SE 6 Update 35[68]2012-08-30Contains a security-in-depth fix[69]
Java SE 6 Update 37[70]2012-10-1630 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 38[71]2012-12-11Various bug fixes[72]
Java SE 6 Update 39[73]2013-02-0150 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 41[74]2013-02-195 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 43[75]2013-03-042 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 45[76]2013-04-1642 security fixes;[77] other changes;[76] final public update[78]
Java SE 6 Update 51[79]2013-06-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; up to 40 security fixes[80]
Java SE 6 Update 65[81]2013-10-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; at least 11 critical security fixes[82]
Java SE 6 Update 712014-01-14Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; 34 fixes[83]

Java SE 7 (July 28, 2011)[edit]

Java 7 (codename Dolphin[84]) is a major update that was launched on July 7, 2011[85] and was made available for developers on July 28, 2011.[86] The development period was organized into thirteen milestones; on June 6, 2011, the last of the thirteen milestones was finished.[87][88] On average, 8 builds (which generally included enhancements and bug fixes) were released per milestone. The feature list at the OpenJDK 7 project lists many of the changes.
Additions in Java 7 include:[89]
  • JVM support for dynamic languages, with the new invokedynamic bytecode under JSR-292,[90] following the prototyping work currently done on the Multi Language Virtual Machine
  • Compressed 64-bit pointers[91] (available in Java 6 with -XX:+UseCompressedOops)[92]
  • These small language changes (grouped under a project named Coin):[93]
  • Strings in switch[94]
  • Automatic resource management in try-statement[95]
  • Improved type inference for generic instance creation, aka the diamond operator <>[96]
  • Simplified varargs method declaration[97]
  • Binary integer literals[98]
  • Allowing underscores in numeric literals[99]
  • Catching multiple exception types and rethrowing exceptions with improved type checking[100]
  • Concurrency utilities under JSR 166[101]
  • New file I/O library to enhance platform independence and add support for metadata and symbolic links. The new packages are java.nio.file and java.nio.file.attribute[102][103]
  • Timsort is used to sort arrays instead of merge sort
  • Library-level support for elliptic curve cryptography algorithms
  • An XRender pipeline for Java 2D, which improves handling of features specific to modern GPUs
  • New platform APIs for the graphics features originally implemented in version 6u10 as unsupported APIs[104]
  • Enhanced library-level support for new network protocols, including SCTP and Sockets Direct Protocol
  • Upstream updates to XML and Unicode
Lambda (Java's implementation of lambda functions), Jigsaw (Java's implementation of modules), and part of Coin were dropped from Java 7. Java 8 will be released with the remaining features (except for Jigsaw, which will be in Java 9) in spring 2014.[105][106]

Java 7 updates[edit]

Oracle plans to issue updates to the Java 7 family on a quarterly basis.[107]
ReleaseRelease DateHighlights
Java SE 7[108]2011-07-28Initial release. HotSpot VM 21
Java SE 7 Update 1[109]2011-10-1820 security fixes, other bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 2[110]2011-12-12No security fixes; HotSpot VM 22; reliability and performance improvements; support for Solaris 11 and Firefox 5 and later; JavaFX included with Java SE JDK, improvements for web-deployed applications
Java SE 7 Update 3[111]2012-02-1414 security fixes[112]
Java SE 7 Update 4[113]2012-04-26No security updates; HotSpot VM 23; JDK Support for Mac OS X
Java SE 7 Update 5[114]2012-06-1214 security fixes[115]
Java SE 7 Update 6[116]2012-08-14JavaFX and Java Access Bridge included in Java SE JDK and JRE installation, JavaFX support for touch-enabled monitors and touch pads, JavaFX support for Linux, JDK and JRE Support for Mac OS X, JDK for Linux on ARM[117]
Java SE 7 Update 7[118]2012-08-304 security fixes[69]
Java SE 7 Update 9[119]2012-10-1630 security vulnerabilities fixes[120]
Java SE 7 Update 10[121]2012-12-11New security features, such as the ability to disable any Java application from running in the browser and new dialogs to warn you when the JRE is insecure, and bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 11[122]2013-01-13Olson Data 2012i, bugfix for problems with registration of plugin on systems with Stand-alone version of JavaFX Installed, security fixes for CVE-2013-0422;[123] the default security level for Java applets and web start applications has been increased from "Medium" to "High"
Java SE 7 Update 13[124]2013-02-0150 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 15[125]2013-02-195 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 17[126]2013-03-042 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 21[127]2013-04-16Multiple changes including 42 security fixes, a new Server JRE that doesn't include the plug-in, and the JDK for Linux on ARM
Java SE 7 Update 25[128]2013-06-18Multiple changes including 40 security fixes[80][129]
Java SE 7 Update 40[130]2013-09-10New security features, hardfloat ARM, Java Mission Control and Retina Display support[131]
Java SE 7 Update 45[132]2013-10-1551 security fixes,[133] Protections against unauthorized redistribution of Java applications, Restore security prompts, JAXP changes, TimeZone.setDefault change.
Java SE 7 Update 51[134]2014-01-1436 security fixes[135][136]

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